Astrophysics for People in a Hurry - Neil DeGrasse Tyson
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EnglishVoice Age
Middle Aged (35-54)Accents
North American (General) North American (US General American - GenAM)Transcript
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in the beginning nearly 14 billion years ago, all the space and all the matter and all the energy of the known universe was contained in the volume less than one trillion size of the period that ends this sentence. Conditions were so hot, the basic forces of nature that collectively described the universe were unified. There's still unknown how it came into existence. This sub pinpoint size cosmos could only expand rapidly and what today we call the Big Bang. Einstein's general theory of relativity, put forth in 1916 gives us our modern understanding of gravity, in which the presence of all matter and energy curves the fabric of space time surrounding it. In the 19 twenties, quantum mechanics would be discovered, providing our modern account of all that is small molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. But these two understandings of nature are formally incompatible with one another, which set physicist off on a race to blend the theory of this small with the theory of the large into a single coherent theory of quantum gravity. Although we haven't yet reached the finish line, we know exactly where the high hurdles are. One of them is during the plank era of the early universe. That's the interval of time from T equals zero Up to t equals 10 to the negative. 43rd seconds. 1 10 million trillion trillion trillions of a second after the beginning and before the universe grew to 10 to the negative 35 meters. 100 billion trillion trillions of a meter across the German physicist Max playing after whom these unimaginably small quantities air named, introduced the idea of quantity ized energy in 1900 is generally credited as the father of quantum mechanics. The clash between gravity and quantum mechanics poses no practical problem for the contemporary universe. Astrophysicists apply the tenants and tools of general relativity and quantum mechanics two very different classes of problems. But in the beginning, during the plank era, the large was small, and we suspect there must have been a kind of shotgun wedding between the two. Alas, the vows exchanged during that ceremony continue to elude us. And so no known laws of physics described with any confidence the behavior of the universe over that time. We nonetheless expect that by the end of the plank era, gravity wriggled loose from the other still unified forces of nature, achieving an independent identity nicely described by our current theories as the universe age through 10 to the negative 35 seconds, it continued to expand, diluting all concentrations of energy and what remained of the unified forces split into the electro weak and the strong nuclear forces Later. Still, the electro weak force split into the electromagnetic and the weak nuclear force is lying bare. The four distinct forces we have come to know and love with the weak force controlling radioactive decay, the strong force binding the atomic nucleus, the electromagnetic force binding molecules and gravity binding bulk matter. A train of a second has passed since the beginning. And Exor from astrophysics for people in a hurry By Neil DeGrasse Tyson.